Peraturan Presiden Nomor 8 Tahun 2007 tentang PENGESAHAN CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT (KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK)

(1)
Mengesahkan Convention on International Interests in Mobile
Equipment (Konvensi tentang Kepentingan Internasional dalam
Peralatan Bergerak) dengan Declaration (Pernyataan) terhadap
Pasal 39 ayat (1) huruf a dan huruf b, Pasal 40, Pasal 53,
dan Pasal 54 ayat (2) beserta Protocol to the Convention on
International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters
Specific to Aircraft Equipment (Protokol pada Konvensi
tentang Kepentingan Internasional dalam Peralatan Bergerak
mengenai Masalah-masalah Khusus pada Peralatan Pesawat Udara)
dengan Declaration (Pernyataan) terhadap Pasal XXX ayat (1)
berkenaan dengan Pasal VIII, Pasal XXX ayat (1) berkenaan
dengan Pasal XII, Pasal XXX ayat (1) berkenaan dengan Pasal
XIII, Pasal XXX ayat (2) berkenaan dengan Pasal X, dan Pasal
XXX ayat (3) berkenaan dengan Pasal XI yang memberlakukan
Alternatif A;
(2)
Salinan naskah asli Convention on International Interests in
Mobile Equipment (Konvensi tentang Kepentingan Internasional
dalam Peralatan Bergerak) dengan Declaration (Pernyataan)
terhadap Pasal 39 ayat (1) huruf a dan huruf b, Pasal 40,
Pasal 53, dan Pasal 54 ayat (2) beserta Protocol to the
Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on
Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment (Protokol pada
Konvensi tentang Kepentingan Internasional dalam Peralatan
Bergerak mengenai Masalah-masalah Khusus pada Peralatan
Pesawat Udara) dengan Declaration (Pernyataan) terhadap Pasal
XXX ayat (1) berkenaan dengan Pasal VIII, Pasal XXX ayat (1)
berkenaan dengan Pasal XII, Pasal XXX ayat (1) berkenaan
dengan Pasal XIII, Pasal XXX ayat (2) berkenaan dengan Pasal
X, dan Pasal XXX ayat (3) berkenaan dengan Pasal XI yang
memberlakukan
Alternatif
A,
dalam
Bahasa
Inggris
dan
terjemahannya
dalam Bahasa Indonesia sebagaimana terlampir
dan merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari Peraturan
Presiden ini.

Apabila terjadi perbedaan penafsiran antara naskah terjemahan
Konvensi beserta Protokol dalam Bahasa Indonesia dengan naskah
aslinya dalam Bahasa Inggris sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 1,
maka yang berlaku adalah naskah aslinya dalam Bahasa Inggris.

Peraturan Presiden ini mulai berlaku pada tanggal ditetapkan.
Agar
setiap
orang
mengetahuinya,
memerintahkan
pengundangan
Peraturan Presiden ini dengan penempatannya dalam Lembaran Negara
Republik Indonesia.
Ditetapkan di Jakarta
pada tanggal 20 Pebruari 2007
PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,
ttd.
DR. H. SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO
Diundangkan di Jakarta
pada tanggal 20 Pebruari 2007
MENTERI HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA
REPUBLIK INDONESIA,
ttd.
DR. HAMID AWALUDIN
LAMPIRAN
PERATURAN PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA
NOMOR 8 TAHUN 2007
TENTANG
PENGESAHAN CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN
MOBILE EQUIPMENT
(KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL
DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK)
BESERTA PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS
IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT ON MATTERS SPECIFIC TO AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT
(PROTOKOL PADA KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL
DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK MENGENAI MASALAH-MASALAH KHUSUS
PADA PERALATAN PESAWAT UDARA)
A.
DECLARATION TO ARTICLE 39 PARAGRAPH (1) SUBPARAGRAPH A AND
SUBPARAGRAPH B, ARTICLE 40, ARTICLE 53, AND ARTICLE 54
PARAGRAPH (2) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE
EQUIPMENT.
(i)
Form No. 1 (specific opt-in declarations under the
Article 39 (1) (a))
Indonesia declares that the following categories of
non-consensual right or interest have priority under
its laws over an interest in an aircraft object
equivalent to that of the holder of a registered
international interest and shall have priority over a
registered
international
interest,
whether
in
or
outside insolvency proceedings:
a.
liens in favour of airline employees for unpaid
wages arising since the time of a declared default
under a contract to finance or lease an aircraft
object;
b.
liens or other right of an authority of Indonesia
relating to taxes or other unpaid charges arising
from or related to the use of that aircraft
object, and arising since the time of a declared
default under a contract to finance or lease that
aircraft object; and
c.
liens or other rights in favour of repairers of an
aircraft object in their possession to the extent
of service or services performed on and value
added to that aircraft object.
(ii) Form No. 4 (general opt-in declaration under the
Article 39 (1) (b))
Indonesia declares that nothing in the Convention shall
affect its right or that of any entity thereof, or any
intergovernmental organization in which Indonesia is a
member, or other private provider of public services in
Indonesia, to arrest or detain an aircraft object under
its laws for payment of amounts owed to the Government
of Indonesia, any such entity, organization or provider
directly relating to the service or services provided
by it in respect of that or another aircraft object.
(iii)Form No. 6 (opt-in declaration under the Article 40
Indonesia declares that the following categories of
non-consensual right or interest shall
be registrable
under the Convention as regards any category of
aircraft object as if the right or interest were an
international
interest
and
shall
be
regulated
accordingly:
a.
liens in favour of airline employee for unpaid
wages arising prior to the time of declared
default under a contract to finance or lease an
aircraft object;
b.
liens or other right of an authority of Indonesia
relating to taxes or other unpaid charges arising
from or related to the use of an aircraft object,
and arising prior to the time of a declared
default under a contract to finance or lease that
aircraft object; and
c.
rights of a person obtaining a court order
permitting attachment of an aircraft object in
partial or full satisfaction of a legal judgment.
(iv) Form No. 11 (declaration under the Article 53)
Indonesia declares that all courts with the competent
jurisdiction under the laws of Indonesia are the
relevant courts for the purposes of Article 1 and
Chapter XII of the Convention.
(v)
Form No. 13 (mandatory declaration under the Article 54
(2))
Indonesia declares that any and all remedies available
to the creditor under the Convention which are not
expressed under the relevant provision thereof to
require application to the court may be exercised
without court action and without leave of the court.
B.
DECLARATION TO ARTICLE XXX PARAGRAPH (1) IN RESPECT OF
ARTICLE VIII, ARTICLE XXX PARAGRAPH (1) IN RESPECT OF ARTICLE
XII, ARTICLE XXX IN RESPECT OF ARTICLE XIII, ARTICLE XXX
PARAGRAPH (2) IN RESPECT OF ARTICLE X PROVIDING FOR THE
APPLICATION OF THE ENTIRETY OF ARTICLE X, AND ARTICLE XXX
PARAGRAPH (3) IN RESPECT OF ARTICLE XI PROVIDING FOR THE
APPLICATION OF ALTERNATIVE A IN ITS ENTIRETY TO ALL TYPES OF
INSOLVENCY
PROCEEDING
PROTOCOL
TO
THE
CONVENTION
ON
INTERNATIONAL
INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT ON MATTERS
SPECIFIC TO AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT
(i)
Form No. 19 (opt-in declaration under the Article XXX
(1) in respect of Article VIII)
Indonesia declares that it shall apply Article VIII.
(ii) Form No. 26 (opt-in declaration under the Article XXX
(1) in respect of Artifcle XII)
Indonesia declares that it shall apply Article XII.
(iii)Form No, 27 (opt-in declaration under the Article XXX
(1) in respect of Article XIII)
Indonesia declares that it shall apply Article XIII.
(iv) Form No. 21 (opt-in declaration under the Article XXX
(2)
in
respect
of
Article
X providing for the
application of the entirety of Article X)
Indonesia declares that it shall apply Article X of the
Protocol in its entirety and that the number of
calendar days to be used for the purposes of the time
limit laid down in Article X (2) of the Protocol shall
be no more than:
a.
ten (10) calendar days in respect of the remedies
specified in Article 13 (1) (a), (b) and (c) of
the
Convention
(respectively,
preservation
of
aircraft objects and their value; possession,
control or custody of aircraft objects; and
immobilization of aircraft objects); and
b.
thirty (30) calendar days in respect of the
remedies specified in Article 13 (d) and (e) of
the Convention (respectively, lease or management
of aircraft object and the income thereof; and,
sale and application of proceeds from aircraft
object)
(v)
Form No. 23 (general opt-in declaration under the
Article XXX (3) in respect of Article XI providing for
the application of Alternative A in its entirety to all
types of insolvency proceedings)
Indonesia declares that it shall apply Article XI,
Alternative A, of the Protocol in its entirety to all
types of insolvency proceedings, and that the waiting
period for the purposes of Article XI (3) of that
Alternative shall be sixty (6) calendar days
PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,
ttd.
DR. H. SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO
LAMPIRAN
PERATURAN PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA
NOMOR 8 TAHUN 2007
TENTANG
PENGESAHAN CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN
MOBILE EQUIPMENT
(KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL
DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK)
BESERTA PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS
IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT ON MATTERS SPECIFIC TO AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT
(PROTOKOL PADA KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL
DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK MENGENAI MASALAH-MASALAH KHUSUS
PADA PERALATAN PESAWAT UDARA)
A.
PERNYATAAN TERHADAP PASAL 39 AYAT (1) HURUF A DAN HURUF B,
PASAL 40, PASAL 53, DAN PASAL 54 AYAT (2) KONVENSI TENTANG
KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK.
(i)
Form
No.
(pernyataan-pernyataan
opt-in
khusus
berdasarkan Pasal 39 (1) (a))
Indonesia
menyatakan
bahwa
kategori-kategori
atas
hak-hak non-konsensual atau kepentingan berikut ini
memiliki prioritas berdasarkan hukum-hukum negara ini
atas suatu kepentingan dalam suatu objek pesawat udara
yang sama dengan hal tersebut dimana pemegang dari
suatu kepentingan internasional yang terdaftar dan
harus
memiliki
prioritas
atas
suatu
kepentingan
internasional yang terdaftar, baik di dalam maupun di
luar proses-proses kepailitan:
a.
Hak-hak gadai yang berkenaan dengan para pegawai
perusahaan penerbangan atas upah-upah yang belum
dibayarkan yang timbul sejak saat penundaan yang
dinyatakan berdasarkan suatu kontrak pendanaan
atau penyewaan suatu obyek pesawat udara;
b.
Hak-hak
gadai
atau
hak-hak
lain
dari
suatu
kewenangan Indonesia berkaitan dengan pajak-pajak
atau beban-beban yang belum dibayar lainnya yang
timbul dari atau berkaitan dengan penggunaan obyek
pesawat udara tersebut dan timbul sejak saat
adanya suatu penundaan yang dinyatakan berdasarkan
suatu kontrak untuk pendanaan atau penyewaan dari
objek pesawat udara tersebut; dan
c.
Hak-hak gadai atau hak-hak lain yang berkenaan
dengan perbaikan dari suatu objek pesawat udara
dalam kepemilikannya hingga keperluasan jasa-jasa
yang dilaksanakan atas dan nilai yang ditambahkan
terhadap objek pesawat udara tersebut
(ii) Form
No.
(pernyataan-pernyataan
opt-in
umum
berdasarkan Pasal 39 (1) (b))
Indonesia menyatakan bahwa tidak ada dalam Konvensi
tersebut yang akan berakibat terhadap haknya atau
terhadap sesuatu dari suatu badan mana pun yang ada di
dalam Konvensi tersebut, atau suatu organisasi antar
badan pemerintah mana pun dimana Indonesia menjadi
salah satu anggotanya, atau penyedia jasa swasta dari
pelayanan
publik
yang
lain
di
Indonesia,
untuk
menangkap atau menahan suatu objek pesawat udara
berdasarkan
undang-undang
negara
ini
terhadap
pembayaran
jumlah-jumlah
yang
dihutang
terhadap
pemerintah
Indonesia,
suatu
badan
yang
demikian,
organisasi atau penyedia layanan yang secara langsung
berhubungan dengan jasa atau pelayanan yang diberikan
oleh negara ini yang berhubungan dengan hal tersebut
atau objek pesawat udara lainnya
(iii)Form No. 6 (pernyataan opt-in berdasarkan Pasal 40)
Indonesia menyatakan bahwa kategori-kategori dari hak
non konsensual atau kepentingan berikut ini harus
terdaftar berdasarkan konvensi sebagaimana halnya suatu
kategori dari objek pesawat udara seolah-olah hak atau
kepentingan
tersebut
adalah
suatu
kepentingan
internasional dan untuk itu harus diatur:
a.
Hak-hak
gadai
berkenaan
dengan
para
pegawai
perusahaan penerbangan atas gaji-gaji yang belum
dibayarkan yang timbul sebelum waktu penundaan
yang
dinyatakan
atas
suatu
kontrak
terhadap
pendanaan
atau
penyewaan
suatu
obyek pesawat
udara;
b.
Hak-hak gadai atau hak lain dari suatu kewenangan
Indonesia yang berkaitan dengan pajak-pajak atau
beban-beban yang belum dibayarkan lain yang timbul
dari atau berkaitan dengan pemakaian dari suatu
obyek pesawat udara, dan yang timbul sebelum saat
adanya suatu penundaan yang dinyatakan berdasarkan
suatu kontrak terhadap pendanaan atau penyewaan
terhadap obyek pesawat udara tersebut; dan
c.
Hak-hak
dari
seseorang
yang
mendapat
suatu
perintah
pengadilan
yang
mengijinkan
adanya
lampiran dari suatu obyek pesawat udara yang
memenuhi suatu keputusan hukum secara penuh atau
sebagian.
(iv) Form No. 11 (pernyataan berdasarkan Pasal 53)
Indonesia menyatakan bahwa pengadilan dengan yurisdiksi
yang
berwenang
berdasarkan
undang-undang
negara
Indonesia
adalah
pengadilan
yang
relevan
untuk
tujuan-tujuan yang terdapat dalam Pasal 1 dan Bab XII
dari Konvensi tersebut
(v)
Form No. 13 (pernyataan mandatorial berdasarkan Pasal
54 (2))
Indonesia
menyatakan
bahwa
semua
perbaikan
yang
tersedia bagi kreditur berdasarkan Konvensi tersebut
yang
tidak
dinyatakan
berdasarkan
ketentuan
yang
relevan dengan ketentuan yang ada dalam Konvensi
tersebut untuk memohonkan pengajuan terhadap pengadilan
adalah
dapat
dilaksanakan
tanpa
perlu
tindakan
pengadilan dan tanpa memberitahu ke pada pengadilan
B.
PERNYATAAN TERHADAP PASAL XXX AYAT (1) BERKENAAN DENGAN PASAL
VIII, PASAL XXX AYAT (1) BERKENAAN DENGAN PASAL XII, PASAL
XXX AYAT (1) BERKENAAN DENGAN PASAL XIII, PASAL XXX AYAT (2)
BERKENAAN DENGAN PASAL X, DAN PASAL XXX AYAT (3) BERKENAAN
DENGAN PASAL XI PROTOKOL PADA KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN
INTERNASIONAL
DALAM
PERALATAN
BERGERAK
MENGENAI
MASALAH-MASALAH KHUSUS PADA PERALATAN PESAWAT UDARA
(i)
Form No.
19 (pernyataan opt-in berdasarkan Pasal XXX
(1) berkenaan dengan Pasal VIII)
Indonesia menyatakan bahwa negara ini akan menerapkan
Pasal VIII.
(ii) Form No. 26 (pernyataan opt-in berdasarkan Pasal XXX
(1) berkenaan dengan Pasal XII)
Indonesia menyatakan bahwa negara ini akan menerapkan
Pasal XII.
iii) Form No. 27 (pernyataan opt-in berdasarkan Pasal XXX
(1) berkenaan dengan Pasal XIII)
Indonesia menyatakan bahwa negara ini akan menerapkan
Pasal XIII.
(iv) Form No. 21 (pernyataan opt-in berdasarkan
Pasal XXX
(2) berkenaan dengan Pasal X asalkan untuk diterapkan
pada keseluruhan Pasal X)
Indonesia menyatakan bahwa negara ini akan menerapkan
Pasal X dari Protokol tersebut secara keseluruhan dan
bahwa jumlah hari dalam kalender yang akan digunakan
untuk tujuan-tujuan pada batas waktu yang terbentang
dalam Pasal X (2) dari Protokol tersebut tidak boleh
lebih dari:
a.
(sepuluh)
hari
kalender
berkenaan
dengan
perbaikan-perbaikan yang ditentukan dalam Pasal 13
(1) (a), (b), dan (c) dari Konvensi tersebut
(secara
berturut-turut,
penjagaan
terhadap
obyek-obyek
pesawat
udara
dan
nilai
mereka;
pemilikan, kontrol atau penjagaan atas obyek-obyek
pesawat udara; dan immobilisasi atas obyek-obyek
pesawat udara); dan
b.
30 (Tiga puluh) hari kalender berkenaan
dengan
perbaikan-perbaikan yang ditentukan dalam Pasal 13
(d)
dan
(e)
dari
Konvensi
tersebut
(secara
berturut-turut, menyewaan, atau manajemen dari
obyek pesawat udara dan pendapatan yang diperoleh
karenanya; dan, penjualan serta aplikasi dari
perolehan yang didapat dari obyek pesawat udara)
(v)
Form No. 23 (pernyataan opt-in berdasarkan Pasal XXX
(3) berkenaan dengan Pasal XI asalkan untuk aplikasi
pada Alternatif A dari keseluruhan dari semua tipe
proses-proses kepailitan)
Indonesia menyatakan bahwa Indonesia menerapkan Pasal XI,
Alternatif A dari keseluruhan Protokol tersebut terhadap
semua tipe proses-proses kepailitan, dan bahwa periode
menunggu
untuk
tujuan-tujuan
dari
Pasal
XI
(3)
dari
Alternatif itu haruslah 60 (enam puluh) hari kalender.
PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,
ttd.
DR. H. SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO
CONVENTION
ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT
THE STATES PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION,
AWARE of the need to acquire and use mobile equipment of high
value or particular economic significance and to facilitate
the financing of the acquisition and use of such equipment in
an efficient manner,
RECOGNISING the advantages of asset-based financing and leasing
for this purpose and desiring to facilitate these types of
transaction by establishing clear rules to govern them,
MINDFUL of the need to ensure that interests in such equipment are
recognised and protected universally,
DESIRING to provide broad and mutual economic benefits for all
interested parties,
BELIEVING that such rules must reflect the principles underlying
asset-based financing and leasing and promote the autonomy of the
parties necessary in these transactions,
CONSCIOUS of the need to establish a legal framework for
international interests in such equipment and for that purpose to
create an international registration system for their protection,
TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION the objectives and principles enunciated
in existing Conventions relating to such equipment,
HAVE AGREED upon the following provisions:
Chapter I
Sphere of application and general provisions
Article 1 - Definitions
In this Convention, except where the context otherwise requires,
the following terms are employed with the meanings set out below:
(a)
"agreement"
means
a
security
agreement,
a
title
reservation agreement or a leasing agreement;
(b)
"assignment" means a contract which, whether by way of
security
or
otherwise,
confers
on
the
assignee
associated rights with or without a transfer of the
related international interest;
(c)
"associated rights" means all rights to payment or
other performance by a debtor under an agreement which
are secured by or associated with the object;
(d)
"commencement of the insolvency proceedings" means the
time at which the insolvency proceedings are deemed to
commence under the applicable insolvency law;
(e)"conditional
buyer"
means
a
buyer
under
a
title
reservation agreement;
(f)
"conditional seller" means a seller under a title
reservation agreement;
(g)
"contract of sale" means a contract for the sale of an
object by a seller to a buyer which is not an agreement
as defined in (a) above;
(h)
"court" means a court of law or an administrative or
arbitral tribunal established by a Contracting State;
(i)
"creditor" means a chargee under a security agreement,
a
conditional
seller
under
a
title
reservation
agreement or a lessor under a leasing agreement;
(j)
"debtor" means a chargor under a security agreement, a
conditional buyer under a title reservation agreement,
a lessee under a leasing agreement or
a person whose
interest in an object is burdened by a registrable
non-consensual right or interest;
(k)
"insolvency administrator" means a person authorised to
administer the reorganisation or liquidation, including
one authorised on an interim basis, and includes a
debtor in possession if permitted by the applicable
insolvency law;
(l)
"insolvency proceedings" means bankruptcy, liquidation
or
other
collective
judicial
or
administrative
proceedings, including interim proceedings, in which
the assets and
affairs of the debtor are subject to
control or supervision by a court for the purposes of
reorganisation or liquidation;
(m)
"interested persons" means:
(i)
the debtor;
(ii) any person who, for the purpose of assuring
performance of any of the obligations in favour of
the creditor, gives or issues a suretyship or
demand guarantee or a standby letter of credit or
any other form of credit insurance;
(iii)any other person having rights in or over the
object;
(n)
"internal transaction" means a transaction of a type
listed in Article 2(2)(a) to (c) where the centre of
the main interests of all parties to such transaction
is situated, and the relevant object located (as
specified in the Protocol), in the same Contracting
State at the time of the conclusion of the contract and
where the interest created by the transaction has been
registered in a national registry in that Contracting
State which has made a declaration under Article 50(1);
(o)
"international interest" means an interest held by a
creditor to which Article 2 applies;
(p)
"International
Registry"
means
the
international
registration facilities established for the purposes of
this Convention or the Protocol;
(q)
"leasing agreement" means an agreement by which one
person (the lessor) grants a
right to possession or
control of an object (with or without an option to
purchase) to another person (the lessee) in return for
a rental or other payment;
(r)
"national interest" means an interest held by a
creditor in an object and created by an internal
transaction covered by a declaration under Article
50(1);
(s)
"non-consensual right or interest" means a right or
interest conferred under the law of a Contracting State
which has made a declaration under Article 39 to secure
the
performance
of
an
obligation,
including
an
obligation
to
a
State,
State
entity
or
an
intergovernmental or private organisation;
(t)
"notice of a national interest" means notice registered
or to be registered in the International Registry that
a national interest has been created;
(u)
"object" means an object of a category to which Article
2 applies;
(v)
"pre-existing right or interest" means a right or
interest of any kind in or over an object created or
arising before the effective date of this Convention as
defined by Article 60(2)(a);
(w)
"proceeds" means money or non-money proceeds of an
object arising from the total or partial loss or
physical destruction of the object or its total or
partial confiscation, condemnation or requisition;
(x)
"prospective assignment" means an assignment that is
intended to be made in the future, upon the occurrence
of a stated event, whether or not the occurrence of the
event is certain;
(y)
"prospective international interest" means an interest
that is intended to be created or provided for in an
object as an international interest in the future, upon
the occurrence of a stated event (which may include the
debtor's acquisition of an interest in the object),
whether or not the occurrence of the event is certain;
(z)
"prospective sale" means a sale which is intended to be
made in the future, upon the occurrence of a stated
event, whether or not the occurrence of the event is
certain;
(aa) "Protocol" means, in respect of any category of object
and associated rights to which this Convention applies,
the Protocol in respect of that category of object and
associated rights;
(bb) registered
means
registered
in
the
International
Registry pursuant to Chapter V;
(cc) "registered interest" means an international interest,
a registrable non-consensual
right or interest or a
national interest specified in a notice of a national
interest registered pursuant to Chapter V;
(dd) "registrable non-consensual right or interest" means a
non-consensual right or interest registrable pursuant
to a declaration deposited under Article 40;
(ee) "Registrar" means, in respect of the Protocol, the
person or body designated by that Protocol or appointed
under Article 17(2)(b);
(ff) "regulations" means regulations made or approved by the
Supervisory Authority pursuant to the Protocol;
(gg) "sale" means a transfer of ownership of an object
pursuant to a contract of sale;
(hh) "secured obligation" means an obligation secured by a
security interest;
(ii) "security agreement" means an agreement by which a
chargor grants or agrees to grant to a chargee an
interest (including an ownership interest) in or over
an object to secure the performance of any existing or
future obligation of the chargor or a third person;
(jj) "security interest" means an interest created by a
security agreement;
(kk) "Supervisory Authority" means, in respect of the
Protocol, the Supervisory Authority referred to in
Article 17(1);
(ll) "title reservation agreement" means an agreement for
the sale of an object on terms that ownership does not
pass
until fulfilment of the condition or conditions
stated in the agreement;
(mm) "unregistered interest" means a consensual interest or
non-consensual
right
or
interest
(other
than
an
interest to which Article 39 applies) which has not
been registered, whether or not it is registrable under
this Convention; and
(nn) "writing" means a record of information (including
information communicated by teletransmission) which is
in tangible or other form and is capable of being
reproduced in tangible form on a subsequent occasion
and which indicates by reasonable means a persons
approval of the record.
Article 2 - The international interest
1.
This Convention provides for the constitution and effects of
an international interest in certain categories of mobile
equipment and associated rights.
2.
For the purposes of this Convention, an international
interest in mobile equipment is an interest, constituted under
Article 7, in a uniquely identifiable object of a category of such
objects listed in paragraph 3 and designated in the Protocol:
(a)
granted by the chargor under a security agreement;
(b)
vested in a person who is the conditional seller under
a title reservation agreement; or
(c)
vested in a person who is the lessor under a leasing
agreement.
An interest falling within sub-paragraph (a) does not also fall
within sub-paragraph (b) or (c).
3.
The categories referred to in the preceding paragraphs are:
(a)
airframes, aircraft engines and helicopters;
(b)
railway rolling stock; and
(c)
space assets.
4.
The applicable law determines whether an interest to which
paragraph 2 applies falls within sub-paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of
that paragraph.
5.
An international interest in an object extends to proceeds of
that object.
Article 3 - Sphere of application
1.
This Convention applies when, at the time of the conclusion
of the agreement creating or providing for the international
interest, the debtor is situated in a Contracting State.
2.
The fact that the creditor is situated in a non-Contracting
State does not affect the applicability of this Convention.
Article 4 - Where debtor is situated
1.
For the purposes of Article 3(1), the debtor is situated in
any Contracting State:
(a)
under the law of which it is incorporated or formed;
(b)
where it has its registered office or statutory seat;
(c)
where it has its centre of administration; or
(d)
where it has its place of business.
2.
A reference in sub-paragraph (d) of the preceding paragraph
to the debtors place of business shall, if it has more than one
place of business, mean its principal place of business or, if it
has no place of business, its habitual residence.
Article 5 - Interpretation and applicable law
1.
In the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be had
to its purposes as set forth in the preamble, to its international
character and to the need to promote uniformity and predictability
in its application.
2.
Questions concerning matters governed by this Convention
which are not expressly settled in it are to be settled in
conformity with the general principles on which it is based or, in
the absence of such principles, in conformity with the applicable
law.
3.
References to the applicable law are to the domestic rules of
the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private international
law of the forum State.
4.
Where a State comprises several territorial units, each of
which has its own rules of law in respect of the matter to be
decided, and where there is no indication of the relevant
territorial unit, the law of that State decides which
is the
territorial unit whose rules shall govern. In the absence of any
such rule, the law of the territorial unit with which the case is
most closely connected shall apply.
Article 6 - Relationship between
the Convention and the Protocol
1.
This
Convention
and
the
Protocol
shall
be
read
and
interpreted together as a single instrument.
2.
To the extent of any inconsistency between this Convention
and the Protocol, the Protocol shall prevail.
Chapter II
Constitution of an international interest
Article 7 - Formal requirements
An interest is constituted as an international interest under this
Convention where the agreement creating or providing for the
interest:
(a)
is in writing;
(b)
relates to an object of which the chargor, conditional
seller or lessor has power to dispose;
(c)
enables the object to be identified in conformity with
the Protocol; and
(d)
in the case of a security agreement, enables the
secured obligations to be determined, but without the
need to state a sum or maximum sum secured.
Chapter III
Default remedies
Article 8 - Remedies of chargee
1.
In the event of default as provided in Article 11, the
chargee may, to the extent that the chargor has at any time so
agreed and subject to any declaration that may be made by a
Contracting State under Article 54, exercise any one or more of
the following remedies:
(a)
take possession or control of any object charged to it;
(b)
sell or grant a lease of any such object;
(c)
collect or receive any income or profits arising from
the management or use of any such object.
2.
The chargee may alternatively apply for a court order
authorising or directing any of the acts referred to in the
preceding paragraph.
3.
Any remedy set out in sub-paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of
paragraph 1 or by Article 13 shall be exercised in a commercially
reasonable manner. A remedy shall be deemed to be exercised in a
commercially reasonable manner where it is exercised in conformity
with a provision of the security agreement except where such a
provision is manifestly unreasonable.
4.
A chargee proposing to sell or grant a lease of an object
under paragraph 1 shall give reasonable prior notice in writing of
the proposed sale or lease to:
(a)
interested persons specified in Article 1(m)(i) and
(ii); and
(b)
interested persons specified in Article 1(m)(iii) who
have given notice of their rights to the chargee within
a reasonable time prior to the sale or lease.
5.
Any sum collected or received by the chargee as a result of
exercise of any of the remedies set out in paragraph 1 or 2 shall
be applied towards discharge of the amount of the secured
obligations.
6.
Where the sums collected or received by the chargee as a
result of the exercise of any remedy set out in paragraph 1 or 2
exceed the amount secured by the security interest and any
reasonable costs incurred in the exercise of any such remedy, then
unless otherwise ordered by the court the chargee shall distribute
the surplus among holders of subsequently ranking interests which
have been registered or of which
the chargee has been given
notice, in order of priority, and pay any remaining balance to the
chargor.
Article 9 - Vesting of object in satisfaction; redemption
1.
At any time after default as provided in Article 11, the
chargee and all the interested persons may agree that ownership of
(or any other interest of the chargor in) any object covered by
the security interest shall vest in the chargee in or towards
satisfaction of the secured obligations.
2.
The court may on the application of the chargee order that
ownership of (or any other interest of the chargor in) any object
covered by the security interest shall vest in the chargee in or
towards satisfaction of the secured obligations.
3.
The court shall grant an application under the preceding
paragraph only if the amount of the secured obligations to be
satisfied by such vesting is commensurate with the value of the
object after taking account of any payment to be made by the
chargee to any of the interested persons.
4.
At any time after default as provided in Article 11 and
before sale of the charged object or the making of an order under
paragraph 2, the chargor or any interested person may discharge
the security interest by paying in full the amount secured,
subject to any lease granted by the chargee under Article 8(1)(b)
or ordered under Article 8(2). Where, after such default, the
payment of the amount secured is made in full by an interested
person other than the debtor, that person is subrogated to the
rights of the chargee.
5.
Ownership or any other interest of the chargor passing on a
sale under Article 8(1)(b) or passing under paragraph 1 or 2 of
this Article is free from any other interest over which the
chargees security interest has priority under the provisions of
Article 29.
Article 10 - Remedies of conditional seller or lessor
In the event of default under a title reservation agreement or
under a leasing agreement as provided in Article 11, the
conditional seller or the lessor, as the case may be, may:
(a)
subject to any declaration that may be made by a
Contracting State under Article 54, terminate the
agreement and take possession or control of any object
to which the agreement relates; or
(b)
apply for a court order authorising or directing either
of these acts.
Article 11 - Meaning of default
1.
The debtor and the creditor may at any time agree in writing
as to the events that constitute a default or otherwise give rise
to the rights and remedies specified in Articles 8 to 10 and 13.
2.
Where the debtor and the creditor have not
so agreed,
"default" for the purposes of Articles 8 to 10 and 13 means a
default which substantially deprives the creditor of what it is
entitled to expect under the agreement.
Article 12 - Additional remedies
Any additional remedies permitted by the applicable law, including
any remedies agreed upon by the parties, may be exercised to the
extent that they are not inconsistent with the mandatory
provisions of this Chapter as set out in Article 15.
Article 13 - Relief pending final determination
1.
Subject to any declaration that it may make under Article 55,
a Contracting State shall ensure that a creditor who adduces
evidence of default by the debtor may, pending final determination
of its claim and to the extent that the debtor has at any time so
agreed, obtain from a court speedy relief in the form of such one
or more of the following orders as the creditor requests:
(a)
preservation of the object and its value;
(b)
possession, control or custody of the object;
(c)
immobilisation of the object; and
(d)
lease or, except where covered by sub-paragraphs (a) to
(c), management of the object and the income therefrom.
2.
In making any order under the preceding paragraph, the court
may impose such terms as it considers necessary to protect the
interested persons in the event that the creditor:
(a)
in implementing any order granting such relief, fails
to perform any of its obligations to the debtor under
this Convention or the Protocol; or
(b)
fails to establish its claim, wholly or in part, on the
final determination of that claim.
3.
Before making any order under paragraph 1, the court may
require notice of the request to be given to any of the interested
persons.
4.
Nothing in this Article affects the application of Article
8(3) or limits the availability of forms of interim relief other
than those set out in paragraph 1.
Article 14 - Procedural requirements
Subject to Article 54(2), any remedy provided by this Chapter
shall be exercised in conformity with the procedure prescribed by
the law of the place where the remedy is to be exercised.
Article 15 - Derogation
In their relations with each other, any two or more of the parties
referred to in this Chapter may at any time, by agreement in
writing, derogate from or vary the effect of any of the preceding
provisions of this Chapter except Articles 8(3) to (6), 9(3) and
(4), 13(2) and 14.
Chapter IV
The international registration system
Article 16 - The International Registry
1.
An
International
Registry
shall
be
established
for
registrations of:
(a)
international
interests,
prospective
international
interests and registrable non-consensual rights and
interests;
(b)
assignments
and
prospective
assignments
of
international interests;
(c)
acquisitions of international interests by legal or
contractual subrogations under the applicable law;
(d)
notices of national interests; and
(e)
subordinations of interests referred to in any of the
preceding sub-paragraphs.
2.
Different international registries may be established for
different categories of object and associated rights.
3.
For the purposes of this Chapter and Chapter V, the term
"registration"
includes,
where
appropriate,
an
amendment,
extension or discharge of a registration.
Article 17 - The Supervisory Authority and the Registrar
1.
There shall be a Supervisory Authority as provided by the
Protocol.
2.
The Supervisory Authority shall:
(a)
establish or provide for the establishment of the
International Registry;
(b)
except as otherwise provided by the Protocol, appoint
and dismiss the Registrar;
(c)
ensure that any rights required for the continued
effective operation of the International Registry in
the event of a change of Registrar will vest in or be
assignable to the new Registrar;
(d)
after consultation with the Contracting States, make or
approve and ensure the publication of regulations
pursuant to the Protocol dealing with the operation of
the International Registry;
(e)
establish
administrative
procedures
through
which
complaints
concerning
the
operation
of
the
International Registry can be made to the Supervisory
Authority;
(f)
supervise the Registrar and the operation of the
International Registry;
(g)
at the request of the Registrar, provide such guidance
to the Registrar as the Supervisory Authority thinks
fit;
(h)
set and periodically review the structure of fees to be
charged
for
the
services
and
facilities
of
the
International Registry;
(i)
do all things necessary to ensure that an efficient
notice-based electronic registration system exists to
implement the objectives of this Convention and the
Protocol; and
(j)
report periodically to Contracting States concerning
the discharge of its obligations under this Convention
and the Protocol.
3.
The Supervisory Authority may enter into any agreement
requisite for the performance of its functions, including any
agreement referred to in Article 27(3).
4.
The Supervisory Authority shall own all proprietary rights in
the data bases and archives of the International Registry.
5.
The Registrar shall ensure the efficient operation of the
International Registry and perform the functions assigned to it by
this Convention, the Protocol and the regulations.
Chapter V
Other matters relating to registration
Article 18 Registration requirements
1.
The Protocol and regulations shall specify the requirements,
including the criteria for the identification of the object:
(a)
for effecting a registration (which shall include
provision for prior electronic transmission of any
consent from any person whose consent is required under
Article 20);
(b)
for making searches and issuing search certificates,
and, subject thereto;
(c)
for ensuring the confidentiality of information and
documents of the International Registry other than
information and documents relating to a registration.
2.
The Registrar shall not be under a duty to enquire whether a
consent to registration under Article 20 has in fact been given or
is valid.
3.
Where an interest registered as a prospective international
interest
becomes
an
international
interest,
no
further
registration shall be required provided that the registration
information is sufficient for a registration of an international
interest.
4.
The Registrar shall arrange for registrations to be entered
into the International Registry data base and made searchable in
chronological order of receipt, and the file shall record the date
and time of receipt.
5.
The Protocol may provide that a Contracting State may
designate an entity or entities in its territory as the entry
point or entry points through which the information required for
registration shall or may be transmitted to the International
Registry. A Contracting State making such a designation may
specify the requirements, if any, to be satisfied before such
information is transmitted to the International Registry.
Article 19 - Validity and time of registration
1.
A registration shall be valid only if made in conformity with
Article 20.
2.
A registration, if valid, shall be complete upon entry of the
required information into the International Registry data base so
as to be searchable.
3.
A registration shall be searchable for the purposes of the
preceding paragraph at the time when:
(a)
the International Registry has assigned to it a
sequentially ordered file number; and
(b)
the
registration
information,
including
the
file
number, is stored in durable form and may be accessed
at the International Registry.
4.
If
an
interest
first
registered
as
a
prospective
international interest becomes an international interest, that
international interest shall be treated as registered from the
time of registration of the prospective international interest
provided that the registration was still current immediately
before the international interest was constituted as provided by
Article 7.
5.
The preceding paragraph applies with necessary modifications
to
the
registration
of
a
prospective
assignment
of
an
international interest.
6.
A registration shall be searchable in the International
Registry data base according to the criteria prescribed by the
Protocol.
Article 20 - Consent to registration
1.
An
international
interest,
a
prospective
international
interest or an assignment or prospective assignment of an
international
interest
may
be
registered,
and
any
such
registration amended or extended prior to its expiry, by either
party with the consent in writing of the other.
2.
The subordination of an international interest to another
international interest may be registered by or with the consent in
writing at any time of the person whose interest has been
subordinated.
3.
A registration may be discharged by or with the consent in
writing of the party in whose favourit was made.
4.
The acquisition of an international interest by legal or
contractual subrogation may be registered by the subrogee.
5.
A registrable non-consensual right or interest may be
registered by the holder thereof.
6.
A notice of a national interest may be registered by the
holder thereof.
Article 21 - Duration of registration
Registration of an international interest remains effective until
discharged or until expiry of the period specified in the
registration.
Article 22 - Searches
1.
Any person may, in the manner prescribed by the Protocol and
regulations, make or request a search of the International
Registry by electronic means concerning interests or prospective
international interests registered therein.
2.
Upon receipt of a request therefor, the Registrar, in the
manner prescribed by the Protocol and regulations, shall issue a
registry search certificate by electronic means with respect to
any object:
(a)
stating all registered information relating thereto,
together with a statement indicating the date and time
of registration of such information; or
(b)
stating
that
there
is
no
information
in
the
International Registry relating thereto.
3.
A search certificate issued under the preceding paragraph
shall indicate that the creditor named in the registration
information has acquired or intends to acquire an international
interest in the object but shall not indicate whether what is
registered
is
an
international
interest
or
a
prospective
international interest, even if this is ascertainable from the
relevant registration information.
Article 23 - List of declarations and
declared non-consensual rights or interests
The Registrar shall maintain a list of declarations, withdrawals
of declaration and of the categories of non-consensual right or
interest communicated to the Registrar by the Depositary as having
been declared by Contracting States in conformity with Articles 39
and 40 and the date of each such declaration or withdrawal of
declaration. Such list shall be recorded and searchable in the
name of the declaring State and shall be made available as
provided in the Protocol and regulations to any person requesting
it.
Article 24 - Evidentiary value of certificates
A document in the form prescribed by the regulations which
purports to be a certificate issued by the International Registry
is prima facie proof:
(a)
that it has been so issued; and
(b)
of the facts recited in it, including the date and time
of a registration.
Article 25 - Discharge of registration
1.
Where the obligations secured by a registered security
interest
or
the
obligations
giving
rise
to
a
registered
non-consensual right or interest have been discharged, or where
the conditions of transfer of title under a registered title
reservation agreement have been fulfilled, the holder of such
interest shall, without undue delay, procure the discharge of the
registration after written demand by the debtor delivered to or
received at its address stated in the registration.
2.
Where a prospective international interest or a prospective
assignment of an international interest has been registered, the
intending creditor or intending assignee shall, without undue
delay, procure
the discharge of the registration after written
demand by the intending debtor or assignor which is delivered to
or received at its address stated in the registration before the
intending creditor or assignee has given value or incurred a
commitment to give value.
3.
Where the obligations secured by a national interest
specified in a registered notice of a national interest have been
discharged, the holder of such interest shall, without undue
delay, procure the discharge of the registration after written
demand by the debtor delivered to or received at its address
stated in the registration.
4.
Where a registration ought not to have been made or is
incorrect, the person in whose favour the registration was made
shall, without undue delay, procure its discharge or amendment
after written demand by the debtor delivered to or received at its
address stated in the registration.
Article 26 - Access to the
international registration facilities
No person shall be denied access to the registration and search
facilities of the International Registry on any ground other than
its failure to comply with the procedures prescribed by this
Chapter.
Chapter VI
Privileges and immunities of
the Supervisory Authority and the Registrar
Article 27 - Legal personality; immunity
1.
The Supervisory Authority shall have international legal
personality where not already possessing such personality.
2.
The Supervisory Authority and its officers and employees
shall enjoy such immunity from legal or administrative process as
is specified in the Protocol.
3.
(a)
The Supervisory Authority shall enjoy exemption from
taxes and such other privileges as may be provided by
agreement with the host State.
(b)
For the purposes of this paragraph, "host State" means
the State in which the
Supervisory Authority is
situated.
4.
The assets, documents, data bases and archives of the
International Registry shall be inviolable and immune from seizure
or other legal or administrative process.
5.
For the purposes of any claim against the Registrar
under
Article 28(1) or Article 44, the claimant shall be entitled to
access to such information and documents as are necessary to
enable the claimant to pursue its claim.
6.
The Supervisory Authority may waive the inviolability and
immunity conferred by paragraph 4.
Chapter VII
Liability of the Registrar
Article 28 Liability and financial assurances
1.
The Registrar shall be liable for compensatory damages for
loss suffered by a person directly resulting from an error or
omission of the Registrar and its officers and employees or from a
malfunction of the international registration system except where
the malfunction is caused by an event of an inevitable and
irresistible nature, which could not be prevented by using the
best practices in current use in the field of electronic registry
design and operation, including those related to back-up and
systems security and networking.
2.
The Registrar shall not be liable under the preceding
paragraph for factual inaccuracy of registration information
received by the Registrar or transmitted by the Registrar in the
form in which it received that information nor for acts or
circumstances for which the Registrar and its officers and
employees are not responsible and arising prior to receipt of
registration information at the International Registry.
3.
Compensation under paragraph 1 may be reduced to the extent
that the person who suffered the damage caused or contributed to
that damage.
4.
The Registrar shall procure insurance or a financial
guarantee covering the liability referred to in this Article to
the extent determined by the Supervisory Authority, in accordance
with the Protocol.
Chapter VIII
Effects of an international interest as against third parties
Article 29 - Priority of competing interests
1.
A registered interest has priority over any other interest
subsequently registered and over an unregistered interest.
2.
The priority of the first-mentioned interest under the
preceding paragraph applies:
(a)
even if the first-mentioned interest was acquired or
registered with actual knowledge of the other interest;
and
(b)
even as regards value given by the holder of the
first-mentioned interest with such knowledge.
3.
The buyer of an object acquires its interest in it:
(a)
subject to an interest registered at the time of its
acquisition of that interest; and
(b)
free from an unregistered interest even if it has
actual knowledge of such an interest.
4.
The conditional buyer or lessee acquires its interest in or
right over that object:
(a)
subject
to
an
interest
registered
prior
to
the
registration of the international interest held by its
conditional seller or lessor; and
(b)
free from an interest not so registered at that time
even if it has actual knowledge of that interest.
5.
The priority of competing interests or rights under this
Article may be varied by agreement between the holders of those
interests, but an assignee of a subordinated interest is not bound
by an agreement to subordinate that interest unless at the time of
the assignment a subordination had been registered relating to
that agreement.
6.
Any priority given by this Article to an interest in an
object extends to proceeds.
7.
This Convention:
(a)
does not affect the rights of a person in an item,
other than an object, held prior to its installation on
an object if under the applicable law those rights
continue to exist after the installation; and
(b)
does not prevent the creation of rights in an item,
other than an object, which has previously been
installed on an object where under the applicable law
those rights are created.
Article 30 - Effects of insolvency
1.
In insolvency proceedings against the debtor an international
interest is effective if prior to the commencement of the
insolvency proceedings that interest was registered in conformity
with this Convention.
2.
Nothing in this Article impairs the effectiveness of an
international interest in the insolvency proceedings where that
interest is effective under the applicable law.
3.
Nothing in this Article affects:
(a)
any
rules of law applicable in insolvency proceedings
relating to the avoidance of a transaction as a
preference or a transfer in fraud of creditors; or
(b)
any rules of procedure relating to the enforcement of
rights to property which is under the control or
supervision of the insolvency administrator.
Chapter IX
Assignments of associated rights and international interests;
rights of subrogation
Article 31 - Effects of assignment
1.
Except as otherwise agreed by the parties, an assignment of
associated rights made in conformity with Article 32 also
transfers to the assignee:
(a)
the related international interest; and
(b)
all the interests and priorities of the assignor under
this Convention.
2.
Nothing in this Convention prevents a partial assignment of
the assignors associated rights, In the case of such a partial
assignment the assignor and assignee may agree as to their
respective rights concerning the related international interest
assigned under the preceding paragraph but not so as adversely to
affect the debtor without its consent.
3.
Subject to paragraph 4, the applicable law shall determine
the defences and rights of set-off available to the debtor against
the assignee.
4.
The debtor may at any time by agreement in writing waive all
or any of the defences and rights of set-off referred to in the
preceding paragraph other than defences arising from fraudulent
acts on the part of the assignee.
5.
In the case of an assignment by way of security, the assigned
associated rights revest in the assignor, to the extent that they
are still subsisting, when the obligations secured by the
assignment have been discharged.
Article 32 - Formal requirements of assignment
1.
An assignment of associated rights transfers the related
international interest only if it:
(a)
is in writing;
(b)
enables the associated rights to be identified under
the contract from which they arise; and
(c)
in the case of an assignment by way of security,
enables the obligations secured by the assignment to be
determined in accordance with the Protocol but without
the need to state a sum or maximum sum secured.
2.
An assignment of an international interest created or
provided for by a security agreement is not valid unless some or
all related associated rights also are assigned.
3.
This Convention does not apply to an assignment of associated
rights
which
is
not
effective
to
transfer
the
related
international interest.
Article 33 - Debtor's duty to assignee
1.
To the extent that associated rights and the related
international interest have been transferred in accordance with
Articles 31 and 32, the debtor in relation to those rights and
that interest is bound by the assignment and has a duty to make
payment or give other performance to the assignee, if but only if:
(a)
the debtor has been given notice of the assignment in
writing by or with the authority of the assignor; and
(b)
the notice identifies the associated rights.
2.
Irrespective of any other ground on which payment or
performance by the debtor discharges the latter from liability,
payment or performance shall be effective for this purpose if made
in accordance with the preceding paragraph.
3.
Nothing in this Article shall affect the priority of
competing assignments.
Article 34 - Default remedies in respect of assignment
by way of security
In the event of default by the assignor under the assignment of
associated rights and the related international interest made by
way of security, Articles 8, 9 and 11 to 14 apply in the relations
between the assignor and the assignee (and, in relation to
associated rights, apply in so far as those provisions are capable
of application to intangible property) as if references:
(a)
to the secured obligation and the security interest
were references to the obligation secured by the
assignment of the associated rights and the related
international
interest
and
the
security
interest
created by that assignment;
(b)
to the chargee or creditor and chargor or debtor were
references to the assignee and assignor;
(c)
to the holder of the international interest were
references to the assignee; and
(d)
to
the
object
were
references
to
the
assigned
associated
rights
and
the
related
international
interest.
Article 35 - Priority of competing assignments
1.
Where there are competing assignments
of associated rights
and at least one of the assignment sincludes the related
international interest and is registered, the provisions of
Article 29 apply as if the references to a registered interest
were references to an assignment of the associated rights and the
related registered interest and as if references to a registered
or unregistered interest were references to a registered or
unregistered assignment.
2.
Article 30 applies to an assignment of associated rights as
if the references to an international interest were references to
an
assignment
of
the
associated
rights
and
the
related
international interest.
Article 36 - Assignee's priority with respect
to associated rights
1.
The
assignee
of
associated
rights
and
the
related
international interest whose assignment has been registered only
has priority under Article 35(1) over another assignee of the
associated rights:
(a)
if the contract under which the associated rights arise
states that they are secured by or associated with the
object; and
(b)
to the extent that the associated rights are related to
an object.
2.
For the purposes of sub-paragraph (b) of the preceding
paragraph, associated rights are related to an object only to the
extent that they consist of rights to payment or performance that
relate to:
(a)
a sum advanced and utilised for the purchase of the
object;
(b)
a sum advanced and utilised for the purchase of another
object in which the assignor held another international
interest if the assignor transferred that interest to
the assignee and the assignment has been registered;
(c)
the price payable for the object;
(d)
the rentals payable in respect of the object; or
(e)
other obligations arising from a transaction referred
to in any of the preceding sub-paragraphs.
3.
In all other cases, the priority of the competing assignments
of the associated rights shall be determined by the applicable
law.
Article 37 - Effects of assignors insolvency
The provisions of Article 30 apply to insolvency proceedings
against the assignor as if references to the debtor were
references to the assignor.
Article 38 - Subrogation
1.
Subject to paragraph 2, nothing in this Convention affects
the acquisition of associated rights and the related international
interest by legal or contractual subrogation under the applicable
law.
2.
The priority between any interest within the preceding
paragraph and a competing interest may be varied by agreement in
writing between the holders of the respective interests but an
assignee of a subordinated interest is not bound by an agreement
to subordinate that interest unless at the time of the assignment
a subordination had been registered relating to that agreement.
Chapter X
Rights or interests subject to declarations
by Contracting States
Article 39 - Rights having priority without registration
1.
A Contracting State may at any time, in a declaration
deposited with the Depositary of the Protocol declare, generally
or specifically:
(a)
those categories of non-consensual right or interest
(other than a right or interest to which Article 40
applies) which under that States law have priority over
an interest in an object equivalent to that of the
holder of a registered international interest and which
shall have priority over a registered international
interest, whether in or outside insolvency proceedings;
and
(b)
that nothing in this Convention shall affect the right
of
a
State
or
State
entity,
intergovernmental
organisation or other private provider of public
services to arrest or detain an object under the laws
of that State for payment of amounts owed to such
entity, organisation or provider directly relating to
those services in respect of that object or another
object.
2.
A declaration made under the preceding paragraph may be
expressed to cover categories that are created after the deposit
of that declaration.
3.
A non-consensual right or interest has priority over an
international interest if and only if the former is of a category
covered by a declaration deposited prior to the registration of
the international interest.
4.
Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, a Contracting State
may, at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval of, or
accession to the Protocol, declare that a right or interest of a
category covered by a declaration made under sub-paragraph (a) of
paragraph 1 shall have priority over an international interest
registered prior to the date of such ratification, acceptance,
approval or accession.
Article 40 - Registrable non-consensual rights or interests
A Contracting State may at any time in a declaration deposited
with the Depositary of the Protocol list the categories of
non-consensual right or interest which shall be registrable under
this Convention as regards any category of object as if the right
or interest were an international interest and shall be regulated
accordingly. Such a declaration may be modified from time to time.
Chapter XI
Application of the Convention to sales
Article 41 - Sale and prospective sale
This Convention shall apply to the sale or prospective sale of an
object as provided for in the Protocol with any modifications
therein.
Chapter XII
Jurisdiction
Article 42 Choice of forum
1.
Subject to Articles 43 and 44, the courts of a Contracting
State chosen by the parties to a transaction have jurisdiction in
respect of any claim brought under this Convention, whether or not
the chosen forum has a connection with the parties or the
transaction. Such jurisdiction shall be exclusive unless otherwise
agreed between the parties.
2.
Any such agreement shall be in writing or otherwise concluded
in accordance with the formal/requirements of the law of the
chosen forum.
Article 43 - Jurisdiction under Article 13
1.
The courts of a Contracting State chosen by the parties and
the courts of the Contracting State on the territory of which the
object is situated have jurisdiction to grant relief under Article
13(1)(a), (b), (c) and Article 13(4) in respect of that object.
2.
Jurisdiction to grant relief under Article 13(1)(d) or other
interim relief by virtue of Article 13(4) may be exercised either:
(a)
by the courts chosen by the parties; or
(b)
by the courts of a Contracting State on the territory
of which the debtor is situated, being relief which, by
the terms of the order granting it, is enforceable only
in the territory of that Contracting State.
3.
A court has jurisdiction under the preceding paragraphs even
if the final determination of the claim referred to in Article
13(1) will or may take place in a court of another Contracting
State or by arbitration.
Article 44 - Jurisdiction to make orders
against the Registrar
1.
The courts of the place in which the Registrar has its centre
of administration shall have exclusive jurisdiction to award
damages or make orders against the Registrar.
2.
Where a
person fails to respond to a demand made under
Article 25 and that person has ceased to exist or cannot be found
for the purpose of enabling an order to be made against it
requiring it to procure discharge of the registration, the courts
referred to in the preceding paragraph shall have exclusive
jurisdiction, on the application of the debtor or intending
debtor, to make an order directed to the Registrar requiring the
Registrar to discharge the registration.
3.
Where a person fails to comply with an order
of a court
having jurisdiction under this Convention or, in the case of a
national interest, an order of a court of competent jurisdiction
requiring that person to procure the amendment or discharge of a
registration, the courts referred to in paragraph 1 may direct the
Registrar to take such steps as will give effect to that order.
4.
Except as otherwise provided by the preceding paragraphs, no
court may make orders or give judgments or rulings against or
purporting to bind the Registrar.
Article 45 - Jurisdiction in respect of insolvency proceedings
The provisions of this Chapter are not applicable to insolvency
proceedings.
Chapter XIII
Relationship with other Conventions
Article 45 bis - Relationship with the United Nations Convention
on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade
This Convention shall prevail over the United Nations Convention
on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade, opened
for signature in New York on 12 December 2001, as it relates to
the assignment of receivables which are associated rights related
to international interests in aircraft objects, railway rolling
stock and space assets.
Article 46 - Relationship with the UNIDROIT Convention
on International Financial Leasing
The
Protocol
may
determine
the
relationship
between
this
Convention and the UNIDROIT Convention on International Financial
Leasing, signed at Ottawa on 28 May 1988.
Chapter XIV
Final provisions
Article 47 Signature, ratification, acceptance,
approval or accession
1.
This Convention shall be open for signature in Cape Town on
16 November 2001 by States participating in the Diplomatic
Conference to Adopt a Mobile Equipment Convention and an Aircraft
Protocol held at Cape Town from 29 October to 16 November 2001
After 16 November 2001, the Convention shall be open to all States
for signature at the Headquarters of the International Institute
for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) in Rome until it
enters into force in accordance with Article 49.
2.
This Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance
or approval by States which have signed it.
3.
Any State which does not sign this Convention may accede to
it at any time.
4.
Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession is effected
by the deposit of a formal instrument to that effect with the
Depositary.
Article 48 - Regional Economic Integration Organisations
1.
A Regional Economic Integration Organisation which is
constituted by sovereign States and has competence over certain
matters governed by this Convention may similarly sign, accept,
approve or accede to this Convention. The Regional Economic
Integration Organisation shall in that case have the rights and
obligations of a Contracting State, to the extent that that
Organisation has competence over matters governed by this
Convention. Where the number of Contracting States is relevant in
this Convention, the Regional Economic Integration Organisation
shall not count as a Contracting State in addition to its Member
States which are Contracting States.
2.
The Regional Economic Integration Organisation shall, at the
time of signature, acceptance, approval or accession, make a
declaration to the Depositary specifying the matters governed by
this
Convention
in
respect
of
which
competence
has
been
transferred
to that Organisation by its Member States. The
Regional Economic Integration Organisation shall promptly notify
the Depositary of any changes to the distribution of competence,
including
new
transfers
of
competence,
specified
in
the
declaration under this paragraph.
3.
Any reference to a "Contracting State" or "Contracting
States" or "State Party" or "States Parties" in this Convention
applies equally to a Regional Economic Integration Organisation
where the context so requires.
Article 49 - Entry into force
1.
This Convention enters into force on the first day of the
month following the expiration of three months after the date of
the deposit of the third instrument of ratification, acceptance,
approval or accession but only as regards a category of objects to
which a Protocol applies:
(a)
as from the time of entry into force of that Protocol;
(b)
subject to the terms of that Protocol; and
(c)
as between States Parties to this Convention and that
Protocol.
2.
For other States this Convention enters into force on the
first day of the month following the expiration of three months
after the date of the deposit of their instrument of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession but only as regards a category
of objects to which a Protocol applies and subject, in relation to
such Protocol, to the requirements of sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and
(c) of the preceding paragraph.
Article 50 - Internal transactions
1.
A Contracting State may, at the time of ratification,
acceptance, approval of, or accession to
the Protocol, declare
that this Convention shall not apply to a transaction which is an
internal transaction in relation to that State with regard to all
types of objects or some of them.
2.
Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, the provisions of
Articles 8(4), 9(1), 16, Chapter V, Article 29, and any provisions
of this Convention relating to registered interests shall apply to
an internal transaction.
3.
Where notice of a national interest has been registered in
the International Registry, the priority of the holder of that
interest under Article 29 shall not be affected by the fact that
such interest has become vested in another person by assignment or
subrogation under the applicable law.
Article 51 - Future Protocols
1.
The Depositary may create
working groups, in co-operation
with
such
relevant
non-governmental
organisations
as
the
Depositary considers appropriate, to assess the feasibility of
extending the application of this Convention, through one or more
Protocols, to objects of any category
of high-value mobile
equipment, other than a category referred to in Article 2(3), each
member of which is uniquely identifiable, and associated rights
relating to such objects.
2.
The Depositary shall communicate the text of any preliminary
draft Protocol relating to a category of objects prepared by such
a working group to all States Parties to this Convention, all
member States of the Depositary, member States of the United
Nations which are not members of the Depositary and the relevant
intergovernmental organisations, and shall invite such States and
organisations to participate in intergovernmental negotiations for
the completion of a draft Protocol on the basis of such a
preliminary draft Protocol.
3.
The Depositary shall also communicate the text of
any
preliminary draft Protocol prepared by such a working group to
such relevant non-governmental organisations as the Depositary
considers appropriate. Such non-governmental organisations shall
be invited promptly to submit comments on the text of the
preliminary draft Protocol to the Depositary and to participate as
observers in the preparation of a draft Protocol.
4.
When the competent bodies of the Depositary adjudge such a
draft Protocol ripe for adoption, the Depositary shall convene a
diplomatic conference for its adoption.
5.
Once such a Protocol has been adopted, subject to paragraph
6, this Convention shall apply to the category of objects covered
thereby.
6.
Article 45 bis of this Convention applies to such a Protocol
only if specifically provided for in that Protocol.
Article 52 - Territorial units
1.
If a Contracting State has territorial units in which
different systems of law are applicable in relation to the matters
dealt with in this Convention, it may, at the time of
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, declare that this
Convention is to extend to all its territorial units or only to
one or more of them and may modify its declaration by submitting
another declaration at any time.
2.
Any such declaration shall state expressly the territorial
units to which this Convention applies.
3.
If a Contracting State has not made any declaration under
paragraph 1, this Convention shall apply to all territorial units
of that State.
4.
Where a Contracting State extends this Convention to one or
more of its territorial units, declarations permitted under this
Convention may be made in respect of each such territorial unit,
and the declarations made in respect of one territorial unit may
be different from those made in respect of another territorial
unit.
5.
If by virtue of a declaration under paragraph 1, this
Convention extends to one or more territorial units of a
Contracting State:
(a)
the
debtor
is
considered
to
be
situated
in
a
Contracting State only if it is incorporated or formed
under
a law in force in a territorial unit to which
this Convention applies or if it has its registered
office or statutory seat, centre of administration,
place
of
business
or
habitual
residence
in
a
territorial unit to which this Convention applies;
(b)
any reference to the location of the object in a
Contracting State refers to the location of the object
in a territorial unit to which this Convention applies;
and
(c)
any reference to the administrative authorities in that
Contracting State shall be construed
as referring to
the administrative authorities having jurisdiction in a
territorial unit to which this Convention applies.
Article 53 Determination of courts
A Contracting State may, at the time of ratification, acceptance,
approval of, or accession to the Protocol, declare the relevant
"court" or "courts" for the purposes of Article 1 and Chapter XII
of this Convention.
Article 54 - Declarations regarding remedies
1.
A Contracting State may, at the time of ratification,
acceptance, approval of, or
accession to the Protocol, declare
that while the charged object is situated within, or controlled
from its territory the chargee shall not grant a lease of the
object in that territory.
2.
A Contracting State shall, at the time of ratification,
acceptance, approval of, or accession to the Protocol, declare
whether or not any remedy available to the creditor under any
provision of this Convention which is not there expressed to
require application to the court may be exercised only with leave
of the court.
Article 55 - Declarations regarding relief
pending final determination
A Contracting State may, at the time of ratification, acceptance,
approval of, or accession to the Protocol, declare that it will
not apply the provisions of Article 13 or Article 43, or both,
wholly or in part. The declaration shall specify under which
conditions the relevant Article will be applied, in case it will
be applied partly, or otherwise which other forms of interim
relief will be applied.
Article 56 - Reservations and declarations
1.
No
reservations
may
be
made
to
this
Convention
but
declarations authorised by Articles 39, 40, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55,
57, 58 and 60 may be made in accordance with these provisions.
2.
Any declaration or subsequent declaration or any withdrawal
of a declaration made under this Convention shall be notified in
writing to the Depositary.
Article 57 - Subsequent declarations
1.
A State Party may make a subsequent declaration, other than a
declaration authorised under Article 60, at any time after
the
date on which this Convention has entered into force for it, by
notifying the Depositary to that effect.
2.
Any such subsequent declaration shall take effect on the
first day of the month following the expiration of six months
after the date of receipt of the notification by the Depositary.
Where a longer period for that declaration to take effect is
specified in the notification, it shall take effect upon the
expiration of such longer period after receipt of the notification
by the Depositary.
3.
Notwithstanding the previous paragraphs, this Convention
shall continue to apply, as if no such subsequent declarations had
been made, in respect of all rights and interests arising prior to
the effective date of any such subsequent declaration.
Article 58 - Withdrawal of declarations
1.
Any State Party having made a declaration under this
Convention, other than a declaration authorised under Article 60,
may withdraw it at any time by notifying the Depositary. Such
withdrawal is to take effect on the first day of the month
following the expiration of six months after the date of receipt
of the notification by the Depositary.
2.
Notwithstanding the previous paragraph, this Convention shall
continue to apply, as if no such withdrawal of declaration had
been made, in respect of all rights and interests arising prior to
the effective date of any such withdrawal.
Article 59 - Denunciations
1.
Any State Party may denounce this Convention by notification
in writing to the Depositary.
2.
Any such denunciation shall take effect on the first day of
the month following the expiration of twelve months after the date
on which notification is received by the Depositary.
3.
Notwithstanding the previous paragraphs, this Convention
shall continue to apply, as if no such denunciation had been made,
in respect of all rights and interests arising prior to the
effective date of any such denunciation.
Article 60 - Transitional provisions
1.
Unless otherwise declared by a Contracting State at any time,
the Convention does not apply to a pre-existing right or interest,
which retains the priority it enjoyed under the applicable law
before the effective date of this Convention.
2.
For the purposes of Article 1(v) and of determining priority
under this Convention:
(a)
effective date of this Convention means in relation to
a debtor the time when this Convention enters into
force or the time when the State in which the debtor is
situated becomes a Contracting State, whichever is the
later; and
(b)
the debtor is situated in a State where it has its
centre of administration or, if it has no centre of
administration, its place of business or, if it has
more than one place of business, its principal place of
business or, if it has no place of business, its
habitual residence.
3.
A Contracting State may in its declaration under paragraph 1
specify a date, not earlier than three years after the date on
which the declaration becomes effective, when this Convention and
the
Protocol
will
become
applicable,
for
the
purpose
of
determining priority, including the protection of any existing
priority, to pre-existing rights or interests arising under an
agreement made at a time when the debtor was situated in a State
referred to in sub-paragraph (b) of the preceding paragraph but
only to the extent and in the manner specified in its declaration.
Article 61 - Review Conferences, amendments and related matters
1.
The Depositary shall prepare reports yearly or at such other
time as the circumstances may require for the States Parties as to
the manner in which the international regimen established in this
Convention has operated in practice. In preparing such reports,
the Depositary shall take into account the reports of the
Supervisory
Authority
concerning
the
functioning
of
the
international registration system.
2.
At the request of not less than twenty-five per cent of the
States Parties, Review Conferences of States Parties shall be
convened from time to time by the Depositary, in consultation with
the Supervisory Authority, to consider:
(a)
the practical operation of this Convention and its
effectiveness in facilitating the asset-based financing
and leasing of the objects covered by its terms;
(b)
the
judicial
interpretation
given
to,
and
the
application made of the terms of this Convention and
the regulations;
(c)
the
functioning
of
the
international
registration
system, the performance of the Registrar and its
oversight by the Supervisory Authority, taking into
account the reports of the Supervisory Authority; and
(d)
whether any modifications to this Convention or the
arrangements relating to the International Registry are
desirable.
3.
Subject to paragraph 4, any amendment to this Convention
shall be approved by at least a two-thirds majority of States
Parties participating in the Conference referred to in the
preceding paragraph and shall then enter into force in respect of
States which have ratified, accepted or approved such amendment
when ratified, accepted, or approved by three States in accordance
with the provisions of Article 49 relating to its entry into
force.
4.
Where the proposed amendment to this Convention is intended
to apply to more than one category of equipment, such amendment
shall also be approved by at least a two-thirds majority of States
Parties to each Protocol that are participating in the Conference
referred to in paragraph 2.
Article 62 - Depositary and its functions
1.
Instruments
of
ratification,
acceptance,
approval
or
accession shall be deposited with the International Institute for
the Unification of Private Law
(UNIDROIT), which is hereby
designated the Depositary.
2.
The Depositary shall:
(a)
inform all Contracting States of:
(i)
each new signature or deposit of an instrument of
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession,
together with the date thereof;
(ii) the date of entry into force of this Convention;
(iii)each declaration made in accordance with this
Convention, together with the date thereof;
(iv) the withdrawal or amendment of any declaration,
together with the date thereof; and
(v)
the
notification of any denunciation of this
Convention together with the date thereof and the
date on which it takes effect;
(b)
transmit certified true copies of this Convention to
all Contracting States;
(c)
provide the Supervisory Authority and the Registrar
with a copy of each instrument of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession, together with the
date of deposit thereof, of each declaration or
withdrawal or amendment of a declaration and of each
notification of denunciation, together with the date of
notification thereof, so that the information contained
therein is easily and fully available; and
(d)
perform
such
other
functions
customary
for
depositaries.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, having
been duly authorised, have signed this Convention.
DONE at Cape Town, this sixteenth day of November, two
thousand and one, in a single original in the English, Arabic,
Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish languages, all texts being
equally
authentic,
such
authenticity
to
take
effect
upon
verification by the Joint Secretariat of the Conference under the
authority of the President of the Conference within ninety days
hereof as to the conformity of the texts with one another.
KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM
PERALATAN BERGERAK
NEGARA PIHAK PADA KONVENSI INI,
MENYADARI adanya kebutuhan untuk memperoleh dan menggunakan
peralatan bergerak yang bernilai tinggi atau memiliki nilai
ekonomi yang sangat berarti serta untuk memfasilitasi pendanaan
atas penguasaan dan penggunaah peralatan semacam itu secara
efisien,
MENGAKUI manfaat dari asset-based financing dan sewa guna usaha
untuk tujuan ini serta keinginan untuk memfasilitasi jenis
transaksi tersebut dengan cara membuat aturan yang jelas untuk
mengatur kedua fasilitas transaksi dimaksud,
MEMPERHATIKAN perlunya untuk memastikan bahwa kepentingan atas
peralatan semacam itu diakui dan dilindungi secara universal,
BERKEINGINAN untuk sebesar-besarnya memberikan manfaat ekonomi
secara timbal balik bagi para pihak yang berkepentingan,
MEYAKINI bahwa pengaturan semacam itu harus mencerminkan prinsip-
prinsip yang mendasari asset-based financing dan sewa guna usaha
serta meningkatkan kebebasan berkontrak para pihak, terutama dalam
transaksi ini,
MENYADARI kebutuhan untuk membuat perangkat hukum bagi kepentingan
internasional dalam peralatan bergerak semacam itu dan untuk
tujuan tersebut menciptakan suatu sistem pendaftaran internasional
guna perlindungan peralatan bergerak dimaksud,
MEMPERHATIKAN tujuan-tujuan dan prinsip-prinsip yang dinyatakan
dalam konvensi yang telah ada berkaitan dengan peralatan bergerak
semacam itu,
MENYETUJUI ketentuan-ketentuan berikut ini:

(1) dari Konvensi berlaku dengan menambahkan
ketentuan berikut ini langsung setelah sub-ayat (d) :
"(e) apabila pada suatu saat debitur dan kreditur secara
khusus menyepakati, penjualan dan penggunaan dari hasil
penjualan tersebut"
dan Pasal 43 (2) berlaku dengan disisipkannya kata-kata "dan
(e)" setelah kata-kata "Pasal 13 (1) (d)".
4.
Kepemilikan atau kepentingan lain apapun dari debitur yang
berpindah karena suatu penjualan menurut ayat tersebut di
atas dari kepentingan lain apapun, di atas kepentingan mana
kepentingan
internasional
kreditur
mempunyai
prioritas
menurut ketentuan-ketentuan Pasal 29 dari Konvensi.
5.
Kreditur dan debitur atau orang yang berkepentingan mana pun
dapat
menyetujui
secara
tertulis
untuk
mengecualikan
penerapan Pasal 13 (2) dari Konvensi.
6.
Berkenaan dengan upaya-upaya pemulihan di dalam Pasal IX(1):
(a)
Cara-cara pemulihan itu harus disediakan oleh otoritas
pendaftaran
dan
lembaga-lembaga
administrasi
lain,
sebagaimana
dapat
diterapkan,
di
Negara
Peserta
selambat-lambatnya lima hari kerja setelah kreditur
memberitahukan lembaga-lembaga itu bahwa pemulihan yang
ditentukan di dalam Pasal IX (1) diberikan atau, dalam
hal pemulihan yang diberikan oleh suatu pengadilan
asing, yang diakui oleh pengadilan Negara Peserta itu,
dan bahwa kreditur berhak untuk mendapatkan cara-cara
pemulihan itu menurut Konvensi; dan
(b)
Instansi-instansi
yang
berwenang
harus
secepatnya
bekerja sama dan membantu kreditur dalam menjalankan
pemulihan
itu
sesuai
dengan
peraturan
perundang-
undangan mengenai keselamatan penerbangan yang berlaku.
7.Ayat 2 dan 6 tidak berakibat terhadap penerapan hukum dan
perundang-undangan mengenai keselamatan penerbangan yang
berlaku.
Pasal XI - Pemulihan Terhadap Insolvensi
1.
Pasal ini berlaku hanya apabila sebuah Negara Peserta yang
merupakan yurisdiksi insolvensi utama telah membuat suatu
pernyataan menurut Pasal XXX (3).
Alternatif A
2.
Pada
saat
terjadinya
kejadian
yang
berkaitan
dengan
insolvensi, pengurus insolvensi atau debitur, sebagaimana
dapat diterapkan, wajib, sesuai dengan ayat 7, menyerahkan
penguasaan atas objek pesawat udara kepada kreditur paling
lambat sebelum :
(a)
akhir dari masa tunggu; dan
(b)
tanggal dimana kreditur akan berhak untuk mengusai
objek pesawat udara itu apabila Pasal ini tidak
berlaku.
3.
Yang dimaksud "masa tunggu" dalam Pasal ini, adalah masa yang
ditetapkan
oleh
Negara
Peserta
yang
dinyatakan
dalam
deklarasi
di
mana
Negara
Peserta
tersebut
merupakan
yurisdiksi insolvensi utama.
4.
Acuan di dalam Pasal ini bagi "pengurus insolvensi" adalah
seseorang dalam kedudukan resminya, bukan dalam kedudukannya
sebagai pribadi.
5.
Kecuali apabila dan sampai kreditur diberikan kesempatan
untuk menguasai menurut ayat 2:
(a)
pengurus insolvensi atau debitur, sebagaimana dapat
diterapkan,
harus
memelihara
objek
pesawat
udara
tersebut dan mempertahankan objek itu dan nilainya
sesuai dengan perjanjian; dan
(b)
kreditur
berhak
untuk
mengajukan
permohonan
untuk
mendapatkan bentuk-bentuk lain pemulihan sementara yang
tersedia menurut hukum yang berlaku.
6.
Sub-ayat (a) dan ayat tersebut diatas tidak dapat menghalangi
penggunaan objek pesawat udara yang sedang dalam proses
pengurusan
untuk
memelihara
objek
pesawat
udara
dan
mempertahankan objek tersebut beserta nilainya.
7.
Pengurus
insolvensi
atau
debitur,
sebagaimana
dapat
diterapkan, dapat tetap menguasai objek pesawat udara
apabila, sesuai waktu yang ditentukan di dalam ayat 2,
setelah
pengurus
insolvensi
atau
debitur
menyelesaikan
seluruh wanprestasi, selain suatu wanprestasi yang timbul
akibat dibukanya acara insolvensi dan telah disetujui untuk
melaksanakan seluruh kewajiban di masa datang menurut
perjanjian. Masa tunggu kedua tidak berlaku berkenaan dengan
suatu
wanprestasi
dalam
pelaksanaan
kewajiban-kewajiban
dimasa yang akan datang.
8.
Berkenaan dengan upaya-upaya pemulihan dalam Pasal IX (1) :
(a)
Cara-cara pemulihan itu harus disediakan oleh otoritas
pendaftaran dan lembaga-lembaga administratif di suatu
Negara Peserta, sebagaimana dapat diterapkan, selambat-
lambatnya lima hari kerja setelah tanggal dimana
kreditur
memberitahukan
otoritas-otoritas
tersebut
bahwa ia berhak untuk mendapatkan cara-cara pemulihan
sesuai dengan Konvensi; dan
(b)
Otoritas-otoritas
yang
berhak
harus
secepatnya
bekerjasama dan membantu kreditur dalam menjalankan
upaya-upaya
pemulihan
itu
sesuai
dengan
peraturan
perundang-undangan
keselamatan
penerbangan
yang
berlaku.
9.
Tidak ada pelaksanaan pemulihan yang dijinkan oleh Konvensi
atau Protokol ini dapat dicegah atau ditunda setelah tanggal
yang ditentukan di dalam ayat 2.
10.
Tidak ada kewajiban debitur menurut perjanjian yang dapat
diubah tanpa persetujuan kreditur.
11.
Tidak satupun di dalam ayat terdahulu yang dapat ditafsirkan
mempengaruhi wewenang pengurus insolvensi, jika ada, menurut
hukum yang berlaku untuk mengakhiri perjanjian.
12.
Tidak ada hak atau kepentingan yang mempunyai prioritas dalam
acara insolvensi diatas kepentingan-kepentingan terdaftar,
kecuali hak-hak atau kepentingan-kepentingan non-konsensual
dari suatu kategori yang tercakup oleh suatu pernyataan
menurut Pasal 39 (1).
13.
Konvensi sebagaimana diubah menurut ketentuan Pasal IX dari
Protokol ini berlaku pada pelaksanaan pemulihan menurut Pasal
ini.
Alternatif B
2.
Saat terjadinya suatu kejadian yang berhubungan dengan
insolvensi, pengurus insolvensi atau debitur, sebagaimana
dapat diterapkan, atas permintaan kreditur, harus memberikan
pemberitahuan kepada kreditur dalam waktu yang ditentukan di
dalam suatu pernyataan suatu Negara Peserta menurut Pasal XXX
(3) apakah ia akan :
(a)
memperbaiki seluruh wanprestasi yang bukan wanprestasi
yang terjadi karena pembukaan proses insolvensi dan
sepakat untuk melaksanakan seluruh kewajiban di masa
yang akan datang menurut perjanjian dan dokumen-dokumen
transaksi yang berkaitan; atau
(b)
memberikan kepada kreditur kesempatan untuk mengambil
penguasaan atas objek pesawat udara; sesuai dengan
hukum yang berlaku.
3.
Hukum yang berlaku tersebut di dalam sub-ayat (b) dari ayat
diatas
dapat
mengijinkan
pengadilan
untuk
mensyaratkan
pengambilan langkah tambahan apapun atau pemberian suatu
jaminan tambahan.
4.
Kreditur harus memberikan bukti atas klaimnya dan bukti bahwa
kepentingan internasionalnya telah terdaftar.
5.
Apabila pengurus insolvensi atau debitur, sebagaimana dapat
diterapkan, tidak memberitahukan sesuai dengan ayat 2, atau
manakala pengurus insolvensi atau debitur telah menyatakan
bahwa ia akan memberikan kepada kreditur kesempatan untuk
mengambil penguasaan atas objek pesawat udara tetapi tidak
melakukannya, pengadilan dapat mengijinkan kreditur mengambil
penguasaan
atas
objek
pesawat
udara
itu
berdasarkan
syarat-syarat yang mungkin ditetapkan oleh pengadilan dan
dapat mensyaratkan pengambilan langkah tambahan apapun atau
pemberian suatu jaminan tambahan.
6.
Objek pesawat udara itu tidak dapat dijual ketika menunggu
suatu keputusan pengadilan mengenai klaim dan kepentingan
internasional tersebut.
Pasal XII - Bantuan Insolvensi
1.
Pasal ini berlaku hanya apabila Negara Peserta telah membuat
suatu pernyataan menurut Pasal XXX (1).
2.
Pengadilan-pengadilan di suatu Negara Peserta di mana suatu
objek pesawat udara berada, menurut hukum Negara Peserta,
harus bekerjasama semaksimal mungkin dengan pengadilan-
pengadilan asing dan para pengurus insolvensi asing dalam
melaksanakan ketentuan-ketentuan Pasal XI.
Pasal XIII - Kuasa Untuk Memohon Penghapusan Pendaftaran
Dana Ekspor
1.
Pasal ini berlaku hanya apabila Negara peserta telah membuat
suatu pernyataan menurut Pasal XXX (1).
2.
Apabila debitur telah memberikan kuasa yang tidak dapat
dicabut kembali untuk
memohon penghapusan pendaftaran dan
ekspor yang pada pokoknya dalam bentuk terlampir pada
protokol ini dan telah menyerahkan kuasa itu untuk dicatat
pada otoritas pendaftaran, maka kuasa itu harus dicatat.
3.
Orang yang kepada siapa kuasa telah diberikan ("pihak yang
diberi kuasa") atau orang yang ditunjuknya secara sah adalah
satu-satunya orang yang berhak untuk menjalankan pemulihan
yang ditentukan didalam pasal IX (1) dan dapat melakukannya
hanya
menurut
kuasa
dan
peraturan
perundang-undangan
keselamatan penerbangan yang berlaku. Kuasa itu tidak dapat
dicabut kembali oleh debitur tanpa ijin tertulis dari pihak
yang diberi kuasa, otoritas pendaftaran harus menghapus kuasa
dari daftar atas permohonan pihak yang diberi kuasa.
4.
Otoritas Pendaftaran dan lembaga-lembaga administratif lain
di negara-negara Peserta harus secepatnya bekerjasama dan
membantu pihak yang diberi kuasa dalam menjalankan pemulihan
yang ditentukan di dalam Pasal IX.
Pasal XIV - Perubahan Ketentuan-Ketentuan Mengenai Prioritas
1.
Seorang pembeli suatu objek pesawat udara berdasarkan
penjualan terdaftar memperoleh kepentingannya dalam objek itu
bebas dari suatu kepentingan yang didaftarkan kemudian dan
dari kepentingan yang tidak terdaftar, sekalipun pembeli
benar-benar mengetahui kepentingan yang tidak terdaftar itu.
2.
Seorang
pembeli
suatu
objek
pesawat
udara
memperoleh
kepentingannya di dalam objek itu sesuai dengan kepentingan
yang terdaftar pada saat perolehannya.
3.
Kepemilikan dari atau hak-hak lain atau kepentingan atas
suatu mesin pesawat udara tidak dapat dipengaruhi oleh
pemasangannya pada atau pelepasannya dan suatu pesawat udara.
4.
Pasal 29 (7) dari Konvensi berlaku pada suatu jenis barang,
yang bukan suatu objek, yang dipasang pada suatu rangka
pesawat udara, mesin pesawat udara atau helikopter.
Pasal XV - Perubahan Ketentuan-Ketentuan Mengenai Pengalihan
Pasal 33 (1) dari Konvensi berlaku seolah-olah berikut ini
ditambahkan langsung setelah sub-ayat (b) :
"dan (c) debitur telah menyetujui secara tertulis, apakah
persetujuan itu diberikan sebelum penyerahan atau tidak atau
apakah persetujuan itu menentukan penerima pengalihan atau tidak.
Pasal XVI - Ketentuan-Ketentuan Mengenai Debitur
1.
Dalam hal tidak terjadi wanprestasi sebagaimana dimaksud
dalam Pasal 11 dari Konvensi debitur berhak menguasai dengan
aman dan menggunakan objek sesuai dengan perjanjian terhadap
:
(a)
krediturnya dan pemegang kepentingan yang diperoleh
dengan bebas oleh debitur menurut Pasal 29 (4) dari
Konvensi atau, dalam kapasitas sebagai pembeli,
Pasal
XIV (1) Protokol ini, kecuali apabila dan sepanjang
debitur telah menyetujui lain; dan
(b)
pemegang setiap kepentingan, pada kepentingan mana hak
atau kepentingan debitur tergantung menurut Pasal 29
(4) dari Konvensi atau, dalam kapasitas sebagai pembeli
Pasal XIV (2) dari Protokol ini, tetapi hanya sebatas
jika ada, bahwa pemegang itu telah setuju.
2.
Tidak satupun di dalam Konvensi atau Protokol ini yang
mempengaruhi tanggung jawab seorang kreditur atas pelanggaran
terhadap perjanjian menurut hukum yang berlaku sepanjang
perjanjian itu berkaitan dengan suatu objek pesawat udara.

Daftar pernyataan dan hak non-konsensual atau kepentingan
non-konsensual yang dinyatakan
Pencatat harus memelihara suatu daftar pernyataan-pernyataan,
penarikan dari pernyataan dan penarikan dari kategori-kategori hak
non-konsensual atau kepentingan non-konsensual yang disampaikan
kepada Pencatat oleh Lembaga Penyimpan setelah dinyatakan oleh
Negara Peserta sesuai dengan Pasal 39 dan 40 dan tanggal dari
pernyataan tersebut atau penarikan pernyataan. Daftar itu dicatat
dan dapat dilakukan pencarian berdasarkan nama dari Negara yang
melakukan pernyataan dan dibuat dapat diakses oleh orang yang
meminta
informasi
sebagaimana
diatur
dalam
Protokol
dan
peraturan-peraturan.

Nilai pembuktian dari bukti tertulis
Suatu dokumen dalam bentuk yang diatur oleh peraturan-peraturan
yang dimaksudkan sebagai suatu bukti tertulis yang dikeluarkan
oleh Kantor Pendaftaran Internasional merupakan bukti yang
sempurna:
(a)
bahwa bukti tertulis itu telah diterbitkan; dan
(b)
dari fakta yang terdaftar di dalamnya, termasuk tanggal dan
waktu pendaftaran.
Pasal 25 - Penghapusan dari pendaftaran
1.
Dimana kewajiban yang dijamin melalui kepentingan jaminan
yang didaftarkan atau kewajiban-kewajiban yang menimbulkan
hak atau kepentingan non-konsensual yang terdaftar telah
dihapuskan, atau dimana
persyaratan pengalihan atas hak
berdasarkan perjanjian pencadangan atas hak terdaftar telah
dipenuhi, pemegang dari .kepentingan semacam itu, tanpa
menunda-nunda,
mendapatkan
penghapusan
dari
pendaftaran
setelah mendapatkan tuntutan tertulis dari debitur yang
disampaikan pada atau diterima pada alamatnya sebagaimana
tertera dalam pendaftaran.
2.
Dimana
suatu
kepentingan
internasional
prospektif
atau
pengalihan prospektif atas suatu kepentingan internasional
telah didaftarkan, kreditur yang dimaksud atau penerima
pengalihan yang dimaksud, tanpa menunda-nunda, mendapatkan
penghapusan dari pencatatan setelah tuntutan tertulis dari
debitur yang dimaksud atau pemberi pengalihan yang dimaksud
yang dikirimkan pada atau diterima pada alamatnya sebagaimana
tertera dalam pendaftaran sebelum kreditur atau penerima
pengalihan
yang
dimaksud
telah
memberikan
nilai
atau
memberikan suatu komitmen untuk memberikan nilai.
3.
Dimana kewajiban yang dijamin oleh suatu kepentingan nasional
yang disebutkan dalam pemberitahuan terdaftar dari suatu
kepentingan
nasional
telah
dihapuskan,
pemegang
dari
kepentingan semacam itu, tanpa menunda-nunda, mendapatkan
penghapusan dari pendaftaran setelah tuntutan tertulis dari
debitur
dikirimkan
pada
atau
diterima
pada
alamatnya
sebagaimana tertera dalam pendaftar.
4.
Dimana suatu pendaftaran tidak seharusnya telah dibuat atau
salah,
seseorang
yang
untuk
keuntungannya
pendaftaran
dilakukan, tanpa menunda-nunda, mendapatkan penghapusan atau
perubahan atas pendaftaran itu setelah tuntutan tertulis dari
debitur
dikirimkan
pada
atau
diterima
pada
alamatnya
sebagaimana tertera dalam pendaftaran.
Pasal 26 - Akses terhadap Fasilitas pendaftaran internasional
Tidak seorangpun dihalangi untuk mengakses pendaftaran dan
fasilitas pencarian dari Kantor Pendaftaran lnternasional atas
alasan apapun, kecuali dalam hal ia tidak dapat memenuhi prosedur
sebagaimana disyaratkan dalam Bab ini.

Personalitas hukum; kekebalan
1.
Badan Pengawas memiliki personalitas hukum internasional
dalam hal ia belum memiliki personalitas semacam itu.
2.
Badan
Pengawas
dan
pejabat-pejabatnya
dan
pekerjanya
menikmati kekebalan dari hukum dan proses administratif
sebagaimana diatur dalam Protokol.
3.
(a)
Badan Pengawas akan menikmati pengecualian dari pajak
dan hak-hak istimewa semacam itu sebagaimana diatur
dalam perjanjian dengan Negara tuan rumah.
(b)
Demi tujuan ayat ini, "Negara tuan rumah" berarti
Negara dimana Badan Pengawas berada.
4.
Aset-aset, dokumen-dokumen, data base, serta arsip-arsip dari
Kantor Pendaftaran Internasional tidak dapat dituntut dan
kebal terhadap penyitaan atau proses hukum atau proses
administratif lainnya.
5.
Demi tujuan tuntutan terhadap Pencatat berdasarkan Pasal 28
ayat (1) atau Pasal 44, pihak penuntut berhak untuk
mendapatkan informasi dan dokumen-dokumen yang diperlukan
bagi pihak penuntut untuk meneguhkan tuntutannya.
6.
Badan Pengawas dapat melepaskan hak istimewa untuk tidak
dituntut dan kekebalan sebagaimana diberikan dalam ayat 4.

Tanggung Jawab dan Jaminan keuangan
1.
Pencatat bertanggungjawab untuk membayar ganti rugi atas
kerugian yang diderita oleh seseorang secara langsung akibat
kesalahan atau tidak dilakukannya suatu tindakan oleh
Pencatat dan pejabat-pejabatnya serta pegawainya atau akibat
kerusakan sistem pendaftaran internasional kecuali dalam hal
kerusakan disebabkan oleh kejadian yang sifatnya tidak dapat
dielakkan dan tidak dapat dicegah, yang tidak dapat dihalangi
dengan tindakan terbaik yang digunakan di bidang rancang
bangun dan operasi Pendaftaran elektronik, termasuk hal-hal
yang terkait dengan [back up] dan sistem keamanan serta
jaringan.
2.
Pencatat tidak bertanggung jawab atas hal-hal yang diatur
dalam ayat terdahulu akibat ketidakakuratan fakta dari
informasi pendaftaran yang diterima atau dikirimkan oleh
Pencatat dalam bentuk sebagaimana Pencatat menerima informasi
tersebut
ataupun
Pencatat
atau
pejabat-pejabat
serta
pegawainya tidak bertanggung jawab akibat tindakan atau
keadaan yang timbul sebelum diterimanya informasi pendaftaran
pada kantor Pendaftaran Internasional.
3.
Kompensasi menurut ayat 1 dapat dikurangi sejauh orang yang
menderita kerugian menyebabkan ataupun turut andil dalam
kerugian tersebut.
4.
Pencatat wajib mendapatkan asuransi ataupun garansi keuangan
yang melindungi tanggung jawabnya sebagaimana diatur dalam
Pasal ini sejauh hal itu ditentukan oleh Badan Pengawas
sesuai dengan Protokol.

Selain itu, ketentuan-ketentuan umum Pasal 1, Pasal 5, Bab-bab IV
sampai VII, Pasal 29 (yang bukan Pasal 29 (3) yang diganti dengan
Pasal XIV (1) dan (2), Bab X, Bab XII (yang bukan Pasal 43), Bab
XIII and